Researchers Are Promoting And Increasing the Switching Contrast Of an All-Optical Flip-Flop

The switching contrast of an all optical flip-flop has been increased by 28 dB and this has been done by the researchers at the Rochester Institute of Technology based in New York. Due to this increase the resultant switching contrast; have been achieved at now 36.6 dB.

This development will be adding a lot of benefit and will allow increased performance of a whole range of the photonic techniques like for example, all-optical label addressing, all-optical packet switching, and square-wave clock generation.

Apart from these, other photonic devices like passive nonlinear media and even housing semiconductor optical amplifiers will show a leap in terms of their performance.

Speed: 

When it comes to all-optical flip-flops, they give a path for the sequential signal processing. This is completely opposite to the signal processing which is combinational in the optical domain. Devices based on the combinational processing get the added advantage of latchable control signal due to the sequential-processing nature of all-optical flip-flops.

According to Drew Maywar who is among the authors of letter, the University of Tokyo, and Eindhoven University of Technology as well as optical-packet switching which was performed at the University of Ghent made use of optical flip-flops to drive data-wavelength converters, which helped them to attain a wavelength that can help in the routing of the optical packets?

According to Drew, there are some of the optical flip-flops whose switching performance is very poor and have specific polarization states. The cycle switching time is more than 1 ns which is not ideal for many applications.

Latching: 

Nonlinear polarization rotation and optical dispersive bi-stability were the two disparate physical processes which were exploited by the team to achieve the contrast enhancement of 28 dB. This resulted in the increased switching contrast due to the bi-stable polarization rotation in combination with the linear polarizer.

According to Drew, the research team was able to develop a latchable polarization switch. One of the advantages of the enhancement was that it was able to outperform against the performance of standard method that was being used to measure contrast.

According to the previous standards in order to achieve a contrast of 5 dB, oscilloscope and photodiode were more than enough, but once the contrast technique was improved, the upper bound for the contrast was increased to 15 dB.

Miniature: 

Currently, Drew is expecting that their latest work can be extended to other forms of resonators like distributed feedback structures, rings, vertical cavities and loops. They are hoping it to be extended to nonlinear media like SiO2 and In P.

They are hoping that the new flip-flops become the building blocks for devices contributing to large functional photonic subsystems. The team will be working on making the miniatures of the all optical flip flops.

Mayway hopes that the all optical flip flops will be continuously researched on contribute to the future. They contribute to improving the performance of switch and is able to tackle drive power issues.

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3D Printed Heart saved Baby’s Life

3D Printing – Life Saving Surgery

Advanced technology has given rise to improvement in the digital world which has enhanced the life style to a great extent. 3D printing or additive manufacturing – AM can be referred to various processes in printing a 3 dimensional object.

A 3D printer could be a type of industrial robot. This has also proved to be of immense help recently where surgeons used3D printed model of the infant’s unusual heart in preparation for life saving surgery.

These surgeons give credit to the 3D printing which helped them to save the life of a 2 weeks infant in need of complicated heart surgery. With the use of MRI scan data, the surgeons, at Morgan Stanley Children’s Hospital, New York City, 3D printed a copy of the heart of the infant which was unusually structured and with holes for a surgery which would have been dangerous as well as complicating.

The 3D printed heart provided an opportunity to the surgeons in studying the organ and helped in developing a detailed surgery strategy. According to Dr Emile Bacha who performed the surgery, informed Connecticut local media that the infants’ heart had holes which was not uncommon with CHD though the chambers of the heart were also in unusual shape, like a maze.

Technique like a Road Map

This technique proved to be of immense help unlike the past instances wherein they had to stop the heart and look inside to decide what should be done. The technique helped like a road map in guiding them on and they were capable of repairing the child’s heart with a single operation.

Matthew’s Hearts of Hope had funded this project, which is a Connecticut based foundation and it is said that another 3D printed heart is in the pipeline, the details of which would be following somewhere next month. In normal situation, a surgeon views the heart for the first time when the chest is opened up, but now it is no longer the same. They now have the ability to plan the surgery much in advance on seeing a 3D Heart of an infant or a child.

3D Printing in Modern Machine

Another incident has also proved to be successful with this cutting edge medical technology where a Kentucky surgeon Erle Austin with the use of 3D printing was able to conduct the most difficult surgeries.

He had informed Maker Faire in Rome that he was using 3D printing to understand a complicated heart. Austin, like the surgeons at Morgan Stanley, had used the technology to know his approach to heart surgery at Kosair Children’s Hospital on a young child. Austin printed a copy of the heart in three parts with the use of experimental version of the Makerbot Replicator 2.

He stated that since he had an identical reconstruction he could take the front of the heart and see inside and thus make a plan on how to go about with the flow of blood and move the obstruction in the heart. The NHS is planning the use of 3D printing in modern machine while US is pioneering this high tech biomedical research and the Ministry of Defence has expressed interest in such a type of a project.

'Cloud' Boosts Microsoft Earnings Beyond Their Expectations

According to the reports published by Microsoft, although their revenue was more than what was forecasted by the analysts, the net profits of the company during the same quarter of last year dipped from $ 5.2 billion to $ 4.5 billion.

Now Microsoft has reported in quarterly profits, which are beyond their expectations. The company has attributed this boost to their Xbox consoles and internet cloud services that were being offered to different enterprises.

According to financial reports, the revenue of the company has reached over $ 23 billion, which is the best figure for the first quarter of any fiscal year. This boost in the revenue has pushed the shares of the US technology giant by nearly 3.8 % which is now at $ 46.75 in all after-market trades.

According to Satya Nadella, “Microsoft Company is looking towards faster innovation, engaging far more deeply through the industry and they are ensuring that their customers are the focal point of every process as it will help in shaping up the future of the company.

The company has confirmed that the record setting high revenue is because of the huge popularity of their Xbox video game consoles and Surface tablet computers apart from turning business to software offered as services as in the Internet "cloud."


According to Kevin Turner, who is Microsoft’s chief operating officer, the customers are now willingly accepting their latest technologies like Office 365 and Surface Pro 3 to Azure and SQL Server (cloud based) meant for corporate customers.

The net revenue of the Microsoft's customer and device unit increased to 47 % and reached $ 10.96 billion. The company was able to bring in nearly $ 1 billion from the sales of their Surface Pro 3 tablet computer.

The sale of Xbox consoles increased and was nearly doubled their value at $ 2.4 million in the quarter, which basically observed the new versions of the Xbox consoles being sold out in more than 28 new markets. According to Microsoft, there was a 10 % increase in the revenue from the commercial offerings of the company like that of Office 365. 128% growth was seen in Azure according to the company.

Nadella during their press brief held in San Francisco gave details about the latest changes and modifications in the strategies of Microsoft, which will enable them to attract more companies and businesses.

They are aiming to do so with their ability to hit the power of colossal online data centers whenever required. At this event Nadella was seen boasting about the fact that the company’s cloud is currently the most completed cloud services offered, which can empower every organization, every company across various industries and different locations and geography.

Microsoft was focused on highlighting the main fact that they have been using their power in the software’s which are used by companies to basically benefit from a trend which is moving towards renting of the computer power, their storage as well as software as services that is hosted at data centers with the cloud internet.

Now GPS Support And Free Music With Android Wear Updates

With many companies venturing into the wearable game, Google has kept up their promise they had made last month. The company has started rolling out their first few major updates for the android wear. This is Google’s operating system for the wearables.

What’s the advantage of the update?

The newest update from the company focuses on the fitness features and will allow the Android wear powered smart watches to also support a built in GPS sensor, music playback as well as music storage. The latest update will allow the users to connect with Bluetooth headsets independently to listen to the music. With the addition of GPS function, the Android wearable devices will be able to track the user’s activities like distance, route, and even speed without the need to be connected with any smartphones. The device users will be able to not only re-sync their fitness stats, but also transfer all the data from their wearable devices to their smart phones.

The users of the wearable devices will be able to  store music on their smart watches and also will be able to connect to a Bluetooth device and listen to them offline now. They will no longer need to rely on smartphones to listen to music. With the latest version of Google Play music supporting this function, Moto 360, LG G watch and even Samsung Gear Live users will also be able to draw benefits from this functionality. Apart from Google, Sony’s Smartwatch 3 also comes with GPS sensor for their Android Wear smart watches. These are now available throughout USA for purchase. Apart from this latest update, Google has now promised to come up with another update which will allow users to download watch faces from the Google Play store.

This update has certainly calmed down the speculation pertaining to the wearables for being merely useless devices when away from the smart phones. Battery life has been an added advantage since their launch. Apart from this update the company has also developed 8 new apps for the Android wearable collections, which is available in Google play. This includes apps for travelling, social as well as health and fitness applications.

The new update brings out the music experience that a user wants to feel without the burden of carrying a handset while walking or exercising. Initially the device which had to rely on a companion for this function will now will be able to perform the function and moreover will be able to pair up with another Bluetooth device and the music can be played on the paired device as well.

If you are among the people desperately waiting for this update to be rolled out worldwide and soon, then you might have to wait for some more days. The company is rolling out the latest update in the devices stage by stage. But at the end the user will be able to enjoy music by using Google Ecosystem and by giving refined controls to other apps of the device as well.